62992.13 |
31496.06 |
37795.28 |
General symptoms |
56299.21 |
31003.94 |
36062.99 |
Gingival and periodontal diseases |
54330.71 |
30019.69 |
34881.89 |
Diseases of hard tissues of teeth |
44881.89 |
21850.39 |
26456.69 |
Symptoms involving head and neck |
44488.19 |
24311.02 |
28346.46 |
Gastritis and duodenitis |
43700.79 |
20767.72 |
25354.33 |
Functional digestive disorders, not elsewhere classified |
42913.39 |
20275.59 |
24803.15 |
Other symptoms involving abdomen and pelvis |
42519.69 |
25590.55 |
28976.38 |
Other and unspecified disorders of back |
42519.69 |
19881.89 |
24409.45 |
Symptoms involving respiratory system and other chest symptoms |
41732.28 |
18700.79 |
23307.09 |
Disorders of function of stomach |
40551.18 |
25984.25 |
28897.64 |
Other disorders of soft tissues |
38582.68 |
22047.24 |
25354.33 |
Contact dermatitis and other eczema |
35433.07 |
98.43 |
7165.35 |
Other malignant neoplasms of lymphoid and histiocytic tissue |
32283.46 |
16240.16 |
19448.82 |
Other noninfectious gastroenteritis and colitis |
31102.36 |
20078.74 |
22283.46 |
Osteoarthrosis and allied disorders |
29921.26 |
20964.57 |
22755.91 |
Essential hypertension |
29133.86 |
13287.40 |
16456.69 |
Peptic ulcer, site unspecified |
29133.86 |
17913.39 |
20157.48 |
Inflammatory disease of cervix, vagina and vulva |
28346.46 |
14271.65 |
17086.61 |
Diseases of the oral soft tissues, excluding lesions specific for gingiva and tongue |
27952.76 |
18208.66 |
20157.48 |
Diseases of pulp and periapical tissues |
26377.95 |
15354.33 |
17559.06 |
Neurotic disorders |
25196.85 |
14271.65 |
16456.69 |
Other disorders of urethra and urinary tract |
24015.75 |
9055.12 |
12047.24 |
Allergic rhinitis |
23622.05 |
14862.20 |
16614.17 |
Disorders of lipoid metabolism |
23622.05 |
15354.33 |
17007.87 |
Other and unspecified disorder of joint |
22440.94 |
10925.20 |
13228.35 |
Disorders of menstruation and other abnormal bleeding from female genital tract |
22440.94 |
12992.13 |
14881.89 |
Spondylosis and allied disorders |
21259.84 |
14665.35 |
15984.25 |
Cataract |
21259.84 |
10629.92 |
12755.91 |
Other disorders of synovium, tendon and bursa |
21259.84 |
5413.39 |
8582.68 |
Symptoms involving cardiovascular system |
20472.44 |
11023.62 |
12913.39 |
Other disorders of bone and cartilage |
19291.34 |
8464.57 |
10629.92 |
Symptoms involving digestive system |
18897.64 |
11712.60 |
13149.61 |
Menopausal and postmenopausal disorders |
16929.13 |
10236.22 |
11574.80 |
Diabetes mellitus |
16929.13 |
8956.69 |
10551.18 |
Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis |
16141.73 |
11220.47 |
12204.72 |
Pruritus and related conditions |
16141.73 |
8267.72 |
9842.52 |
Other and unspecified arthropathies |
15354.33 |
9153.54 |
10393.70 |
Vertiginous syndromes and other disorders of vestibular system |
15354.33 |
5905.51 |
7795.28 |
Gastric ulcer |
14960.63 |
10629.92 |
11496.06 |
Peripheral enthesopathies and allied syndromes |
14566.93 |
7677.17 |
9055.12 |
Chronic pharyngitis and nasopharyngitis |
14566.93 |
7578.74 |
8976.38 |
Dermatophytosis |
14173.23 |
10531.50 |
11259.84 |
Hypertensive heart disease |
13779.53 |
9645.67 |
10472.44 |
Other forms of chronic ischemic heart disease |
13779.53 |
8759.84 |
9763.78 |
Urticaria |
13385.83 |
5216.54 |
6850.39 |
Other diseases of upper respiratory tract |
12598.43 |
4625.98 |
6220.47 |
Disorders of lacrimal system |
12204.72 |
6496.06 |
7637.80 |
Other diseases and conditions of the teeth and supporting structures |
12204.72 |
4232.28 |
5826.77 |
Diseases of sebaceous glands |
12204.72 |
5511.81 |
6850.39 |
Other disorders of cervical region |
12204.72 |
4822.83 |
6299.21 |
Symptoms involving skin and other integumentary tissue |
11417.32 |
3937.01 |
5433.07 |
Other and unspecified anemias |
11417.32 |
5216.54 |
6456.69 |
Special symptoms or syndromes not elsewhere classified |
11023.62 |
2460.63 |
4173.23 |
Benign neoplasm of skin |
11023.62 |
6692.91 |
7559.06 |
Chronic bronchitis |
10236.22 |
6003.94 |
6850.39 |
Disorders of refraction and accommodation |
10236.22 |
5905.51 |
6771.65 |
Intervertebral disc disorders |
9842.52 |
3838.58 |
5039.37 |
Diseases of esophagus |
9448.82 |
6988.19 |
7480.31 |
Cardiac dysrhythmias |
9448.82 |
6496.06 |
7086.61 |
Asthma |
9448.82 |
2657.48 |
4015.75 |
Duodenal ulcer |
9448.82 |
7283.46 |
7716.54 |
Symptoms involving urinary system |
9055.12 |
4724.41 |
5590.55 |
Visual disturbances |
9055.12 |
3444.88 |
4566.93 |
Other disorders of skin and subcutaneous tissue |
8661.42 |
5019.69 |
5748.03 |
Other disorders of breast |
8661.42 |
1476.38 |
2913.39 |
Diffuse diseases of connective tissue |
8661.42 |
4133.86 |
5039.37 |
Disorders of muscle, ligament and fascia |
8267.72 |
885.83 |
2362.20 |
Neoplasm of unspecified nature |
8267.72 |
5610.24 |
6141.73 |
Gout |
8267.72 |
2165.35 |
3385.83 |
Viral hepatitis |
7480.31 |
2263.78 |
3307.09 |
Other diseases of endocardium |
7086.61 |
393.70 |
1732.28 |
Other benign neoplasm of connective and other soft tissue |
7086.61 |
4232.28 |
4803.15 |
Other disorders of eyelids |
7086.61 |
3248.03 |
4015.75 |
Other disorders of ear |
7086.61 |
3051.18 |
3858.27 |
Hemorrhoids |
6692.91 |
196.85 |
1496.06 |
Secondary and unspecified malignant neoplasm of lymph nodes |
6692.91 |
1673.23 |
2677.17 |
Iron deficiency anemias |
6692.91 |
295.28 |
1574.80 |
Other diseases of blood and blood-forming organs |
6692.91 |
4133.86 |
4645.67 |
Other disorders of eye |
6692.91 |
2165.35 |
3070.87 |
Herpes zoster |
6692.91 |
3346.46 |
4015.75 |
Pain and other symptoms associated with female genital organs |
6299.21 |
3641.73 |
4173.23 |
Candidiasis |
5905.51 |
2559.06 |
3228.35 |
Nerve root and plexus disorders |
5905.51 |
2854.33 |
3464.57 |
Mononeuritis of upper limb and mononeuritis multiplex |
5905.51 |
4822.83 |
5039.37 |
Angina pectoris |
5905.51 |
2165.35 |
2913.39 |
Atopic dermatitis and related conditions |
5905.51 |
1279.53 |
2204.72 |
Disorders of sweat glands |
5511.81 |
1377.95 |
2204.72 |
Chronic sinusitis |
5118.11 |
295.28 |
1259.84 |
Malignant neoplasm of stomach |
5118.11 |
787.40 |
1653.54 |
Nontoxic nodular goiter |
5118.11 |
196.85 |
1181.10 |
Diseases of white blood cells |
5118.11 |
1377.95 |
2125.98 |
Affective psychoses |
5118.11 |
2559.06 |
3070.87 |
Physiological malfunction arising from mental factors |
5118.11 |
3248.03 |
3622.05 |
Other retinal disorders |
5118.11 |
2460.63 |
2992.13 |
Noninflammatory disorders of cervix |
5118.11 |
1377.95 |
2125.98 |
Erythematosquamous dermatosis |
4724.41 |
1968.50 |
2519.69 |
Benign neoplasm of breast |
4724.41 |
1279.53 |
1968.50 |
Thyrotoxicosis with or without goiter |
4724.41 |
1673.23 |
2283.46 |
Nonsuppurative otitis media and eustachian tube disorders |
4724.41 |
3740.16 |
3937.01 |
Heart failure |
4724.41 |
3051.18 |
3385.83 |
Noninflammatory disorders of vagina |
4724.41 |
1673.23 |
2283.46 |
Dermatitis due to substances taken internally |
4724.41 |
1574.80 |
2204.72 |
Rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory polyarthropathies |
4330.71 |
2755.91 |
3070.87 |
Uterine leiomyoma |
4330.71 |
2165.35 |
2598.43 |
Migraine |
4330.71 |
3248.03 |
3464.57 |
Glaucoma |
4330.71 |
2165.35 |
2598.43 |
Other diseases due to viruses and Chlamydiae |
3937.01 |
2755.91 |
2992.13 |
Suppurative and unspecified otitis media |
3937.01 |
885.83 |
1496.06 |
Other disorders of female genital organs |
3937.01 |
885.83 |
1496.06 |
Hemorrhage in early pregnancy |
3543.31 |
98.43 |
787.40 |
Secondary malignant neoplasm of other specified sites |
3543.31 |
1082.68 |
1574.80 |
Benign neoplasm of ovary |
3543.31 |
984.25 |
1496.06 |
Other disorders of thyroid |
3543.31 |
1870.08 |
2204.72 |
Group B streptococcus infections of unspecified site |
3543.31 |
1771.65 |
2125.98 |
Hearing loss |
3543.31 |
1082.68 |
1574.80 |
Atherosclerosis |
3543.31 |
1870.08 |
2204.72 |
Other peripheral vascular disease |
3543.31 |
688.98 |
1259.84 |
Endometriosis |
3543.31 |
1574.80 |
1968.50 |
Other derangement of joint |
3149.61 |
984.25 |
1417.32 |
Dentofacial anomalies, including malocclusion |
3149.61 |
1476.38 |
1811.02 |
Other disorders of liver |
3149.61 |
885.83 |
1338.58 |
Hydronephrosis |
3149.61 |
787.40 |
1259.84 |
Internal derangement of knee |
2755.91 |
393.70 |
866.14 |
Benign neoplasm of lip, oral cavity and pharynx |
2755.91 |
295.28 |
787.40 |
Benign neoplasm of other parts of digestive system |
2755.91 |
1771.65 |
1968.50 |
Ill-defined descriptions and complications of heart disease |
2755.91 |
1968.50 |
2125.98 |
Other and ill-defined cerebrovascular disease |
2755.91 |
1870.08 |
2047.24 |
Late effects of cerebrovascular disease |
2755.91 |
492.13 |
944.88 |
Diseases of the salivary glands |
2755.91 |
688.98 |
1102.36 |
Other disorders of intestine |
2755.91 |
984.25 |
1338.58 |
Diseases of hair and hair follicles |
2362.20 |
492.13 |
866.14 |
Malignant neoplasm of colon |
2362.20 |
295.28 |
708.66 |
Malignant neoplasm of liver and intrahepatic bile ducts |
2362.20 |
688.98 |
1023.62 |
Malignant neoplasm of female breast |
2362.20 |
1574.80 |
1732.28 |
Simple and unspecified goiter |
2362.20 |
295.28 |
708.66 |
Other organic psychotic conditions (chronic) |
2362.20 |
1574.80 |
1732.28 |
Herpes simplex |
2362.20 |
2657.48 |
2598.43 |
Chronic airways obstruction, not elsewhere classified |
2362.20 |
1279.53 |
1496.06 |
Regional enteritis |
2362.20 |
885.83 |
1181.10 |
Benign mammary dysplasias |
2362.20 |
688.98 |
1023.62 |
Excessive vomiting in pregnancy |
2362.20 |
984.25 |
1259.84 |
Other acquired deformity |
2362.20 |
393.70 |
787.40 |
Nonspecific findings on examination of urine |
1968.50 |
196.85 |
551.18 |
Malignant neoplasm of rectum, rectosigmoid junction, and anus |
1968.50 |
295.28 |
629.92 |
Benign neoplasm of other and unspecified sites |
1968.50 |
787.40 |
1023.62 |
Acquired hypothyroidism |
1968.50 |
196.85 |
551.18 |
Disorders involving the immune mechanism |
1968.50 |
885.83 |
1102.36 |
Other paralytic syndromes |
1968.50 |
885.83 |
1102.36 |
Facial nerve disorders |
1968.50 |
787.40 |
1023.62 |
Bronchiectasis |
1968.50 |
590.55 |
866.14 |
Other diseases of lung |
1968.50 |
1377.95 |
1496.06 |
Chronic glomerulonephritis |
1968.50 |
393.70 |
708.66 |
Nephritis and nephropathy, not specified as acute or chronic |
1968.50 |
1574.80 |
1653.54 |
Other disorders of bladder |
1968.50 |
1082.68 |
1259.84 |
Nonspecific findings on examination of blood |
1968.50 |
787.40 |
1023.62 |
Acariasis |
1574.80 |
393.70 |
629.92 |
Malignant neoplasm of trachea, bronchus and lung |
1574.80 |
393.70 |
629.92 |
Neoplasm of uncertain behavior of other and unspecified sites and tissues |
1574.80 |
393.70 |
629.92 |
Ovarian dysfunction |
1574.80 |
590.55 |
787.40 |
Obesity and other hyperalimentation |
1574.80 |
885.83 |
1023.62 |
Senile and presenile organic psychotic conditions |
1574.80 |
984.25 |
1102.36 |
Inflammatory and toxic neuropathy |
1574.80 |
1574.80 |
1574.80 |
Corneal opacity and other disorders of cornea |
1574.80 |
492.13 |
708.66 |
Disorders of optic nerve and visual pathways |
1574.80 |
984.25 |
1102.36 |
Coronary occlusion without myocardial infarction |
1574.80 |
885.83 |
1023.62 |
Disorders of tooth development and eruption |
1574.80 |
885.83 |
1023.62 |
Nephrotic syndrome |
1574.80 |
590.55 |
787.40 |
Genital prolapse |
1574.80 |
984.25 |
1102.36 |
Noninflammatory disorders of ovary, fallopian tube and broad ligament |
1574.80 |
393.70 |
629.92 |
Disorders of uterus, not elsewhere classified |
1574.80 |
492.13 |
708.66 |
Erythematous conditions |
1574.80 |
590.55 |
787.40 |
Corns and callosities |
1574.80 |
787.40 |
944.88 |
Other hypertrophic and atrophic conditions of skin |
1574.80 |
787.40 |
944.88 |
Nonspecific abnormal results of function studies |
1181.10 |
98.43 |
314.96 |
Malignant neoplasm of eye |
1181.10 |
196.85 |
393.70 |
Malignant neoplasm of brain |
1181.10 |
98.43 |
314.96 |
Secondary malignant neoplasm of respiratory and digestive systems |
1181.10 |
393.70 |
551.18 |
Disorders of the pituitary gland and its hypothalamic control |
1181.10 |
393.70 |
551.18 |
Disorders of adrenal glands |
1181.10 |
393.70 |
551.18 |
Pulmonary tuberculosis |
1181.10 |
688.98 |
787.40 |
Other endocrine disorders |
1181.10 |
98.43 |
314.96 |
Hereditary hemolytic anemias |
1181.10 |
393.70 |
551.18 |
Purpura and other hemorrhagic conditions |
1181.10 |
885.83 |
944.88 |
Parkinson's disease |
1181.10 |
492.13 |
629.92 |
Hemiplegia and hemiparesis |
1181.10 |
688.98 |
787.40 |
Mononeuritis of lower limb |
1181.10 |
885.83 |
944.88 |
Hereditary and idiopathic peripheral neuropathy |
1181.10 |
492.13 |
629.92 |
Myoneural disorders |
1181.10 |
98.43 |
314.96 |
Chickenpox |
1181.10 |
196.85 |
393.70 |
Diseases of mitral and aortic valves |
1181.10 |
196.85 |
393.70 |
Hypertensive heart and renal disease |
1181.10 |
590.55 |
708.66 |
Secondary hypertension |
1181.10 |
1377.95 |
1338.58 |
Acute, but ill-defined, cerebrovascular disease |
1181.10 |
98.43 |
314.96 |
Polyarteritis nodosa and allied conditions |
1181.10 |
984.25 |
1023.62 |
Varicose veins of lower extremities |
1181.10 |
393.70 |
551.18 |
Chronic disease of tonsils and adenoids |
1181.10 |
393.70 |
551.18 |
Chronic laryngitis and laryngotracheitis |
1181.10 |
1082.68 |
1102.36 |
Chronic renal failure |
1181.10 |
590.55 |
708.66 |
Other disorders of kidney and ureter |
1181.10 |
492.13 |
629.92 |
Antepartum hemorrhage, abruptio placentae, and placenta previa |
1181.10 |
196.85 |
393.70 |
Early or threatened labor |
1181.10 |
295.28 |
472.44 |
Normal delivery |
1181.10 |
295.28 |
472.44 |
Other fetal and placental problems affecting management of mother |
1181.10 |
98.43 |
314.96 |
Bullous dermatoses |
1181.10 |
1082.68 |
1102.36 |
Ankylosing spondylitis and other inflammatory spondylopathies |
1181.10 |
196.85 |
393.70 |
Curvature of spine |
1181.10 |
590.55 |
708.66 |
Other congenital musculoskeletal anomalies |
1181.10 |
295.28 |
472.44 |
Nonspecific abnormal histological and immunological findings |
1181.10 |
787.40 |
866.14 |
Other ill-defined and unknown causes of morbidity and mortality |
1181.10 |
295.28 |
472.44 |
Late effects of tuberculosis |
787.40 |
196.85 |
314.96 |
Malignant neoplasm of pancreas |
787.40 |
98.43 |
236.22 |
Malignant neoplasm of bone and articular cartilage |
787.40 |
393.70 |
472.44 |
Malignant neoplasm of cervix uteri |
787.40 |
196.85 |
314.96 |
Malignant neoplasm of body of uterus |
787.40 |
98.43 |
236.22 |
Malignant neoplasm of bladder |
787.40 |
98.43 |
236.22 |
Benign neoplasm of respiratory and intrathoracic organs |
787.40 |
1082.68 |
1023.62 |
Other benign neoplasm of uterus |
787.40 |
98.43 |
236.22 |
Benign neoplasm of eye |
787.40 |
295.28 |
393.70 |
Other nutritional deficiencies |
787.40 |
196.85 |
314.96 |
Other and unspecified disorders of metabolism |
787.40 |
295.28 |
393.70 |
Other deficiency anemias |
787.40 |
196.85 |
314.96 |
Transient organic psychotic conditions |
787.40 |
295.28 |
393.70 |
Adjustment reaction |
787.40 |
1279.53 |
1181.10 |
Depressive disorder, not elsewhere classified |
787.40 |
393.70 |
472.44 |
Disorders of the autonomic nervous system |
787.40 |
196.85 |
314.96 |
Infantile cerebral palsy |
787.40 |
787.40 |
787.40 |
Epilepsy |
787.40 |
98.43 |
236.22 |
Other conditions of brain |
787.40 |
295.28 |
393.70 |
Trigeminal nerve disorders |
787.40 |
393.70 |
472.44 |
Disorders of the globe |
787.40 |
98.43 |
236.22 |
Retinal detachments and defects |
787.40 |
492.13 |
551.18 |
Disorders of iris and ciliary body |
787.40 |
393.70 |
472.44 |
Hypertensive renal disease |
787.40 |
196.85 |
314.96 |
Other venous embolism and thrombosis |
787.40 |
590.55 |
629.92 |
Other disorders of circulatory system |
787.40 |
393.70 |
472.44 |
Deviated nasal septum |
787.40 |
393.70 |
472.44 |
Other diseases of respiratory system |
787.40 |
196.85 |
314.96 |
Gastrojejunal ulcer |
787.40 |
196.85 |
314.96 |
Other disorders of stomach and duodenum |
787.40 |
196.85 |
314.96 |
Anal fissure and fistula |
787.40 |
196.85 |
314.96 |
Specific diseases due to Coxsackie virus |
787.40 |
295.28 |
393.70 |
Renal failure, unspecified |
787.40 |
787.40 |
787.40 |
Disorders resulting from impaired renal function |
787.40 |
787.40 |
787.40 |
Infertility, female |
787.40 |
492.13 |
551.18 |
Other complications of pregnancy, not elsewhere classified |
787.40 |
787.40 |
787.40 |
Other dermatoses |
787.40 |
196.85 |
314.96 |
Crystal arthropathies |
787.40 |
492.13 |
551.18 |
Osteomyelitis,periostitis and other infections involving bone |
787.40 |
98.43 |
236.22 |
Other nonspecific abnormal findings |
787.40 |
688.98 |
708.66 |
Dermatomycosis, other and unspecified |
393.70 |
196.85 |
236.22 |
Malignant neoplasm of gallbladder and extrahepatic bile ducts |
393.70 |
196.85 |
236.22 |
Other malignant neoplasm of skin |
393.70 |
196.85 |
236.22 |
Benign neoplasm of bone and articular cartilage |
393.70 |
492.13 |
472.44 |
Lipoma |
393.70 |
295.28 |
314.96 |
Benign neoplasm of other female genital organs |
393.70 |
98.43 |
157.48 |
Benign neoplasm of thyroid glands |
393.70 |
98.43 |
157.48 |
Hemangioma and lymphangioma, any site |
393.70 |
98.43 |
157.48 |
Neoplasm of uncertain behavior of digestive and respiratory systems |
393.70 |
98.43 |
157.48 |
Nutritional marasmus |
393.70 |
98.43 |
157.48 |
Disorders of mineral metabolism |
393.70 |
98.43 |
157.48 |
Schizophrenic disorders |
393.70 |
196.85 |
236.22 |
Nondependent abuse of drugs |
393.70 |
492.13 |
472.44 |
Acute reaction to stress |
393.70 |
196.85 |
236.22 |
Psychic factors associated with diseases classified elsewhere |
393.70 |
98.43 |
157.48 |
Other cerebral degenerations |
393.70 |
590.55 |
551.18 |
Other extrapyramidal disease and abnormal movement disorders |
393.70 |
98.43 |
157.48 |
Chorioretinal inflammations and scars and other disorders of choroid |
393.70 |
196.85 |
236.22 |
Strabismus and other disorders of binocular eye movements |
393.70 |
295.28 |
314.96 |
Other disorders of middle ear and mastoid |
393.70 |
196.85 |
236.22 |
Rheumatic diseases of aortic valve |
393.70 |
295.28 |
314.96 |
Old myocardial infarction |
393.70 |
492.13 |
472.44 |
Cardiomyopathy |
393.70 |
98.43 |
157.48 |
Aortic aneurysm and dissection |
393.70 |
295.28 |
314.96 |
Arterial embolism and thrombosis |
393.70 |
590.55 |
551.18 |
Other disorders of arteries and arterioles |
393.70 |
98.43 |
157.48 |
Varicose veins of other sites |
393.70 |
590.55 |
551.18 |
Hypotension |
393.70 |
393.70 |
393.70 |
Emphysema |
393.70 |
393.70 |
393.70 |
Diseases of the jaws |
393.70 |
196.85 |
236.22 |
Diseases and other conditions of the tongue |
393.70 |
98.43 |
157.48 |
Peritonitis |
393.70 |
98.43 |
157.48 |
Noninflammatory disorders of vulva and perineum |
393.70 |
590.55 |
551.18 |
Ectopic pregnancy |
393.70 |
295.28 |
314.96 |
Other current conditions in the mother classifiable elsewhere, but complicating pregnancy, childbirth, or the puerperium |
393.70 |
196.85 |
236.22 |
Malposition and malpresentation of fetus |
393.70 |
98.43 |
157.48 |
Trauma to perineum and vulva during delivery |
393.70 |
98.43 |
157.48 |
Other and unspecified complications of the puerperium, not elsewhere classified |
393.70 |
98.43 |
157.48 |
Lichen |
393.70 |
295.28 |
314.96 |
Diseases of nail |
393.70 |
393.70 |
393.70 |
Chronic ulcer of skin |
393.70 |
98.43 |
157.48 |
Arthropathy associated with infections |
393.70 |
196.85 |
236.22 |
Arthropathy associated with other disorders classified elsewhere |
393.70 |
196.85 |
236.22 |
Other acquired deformities of limbs |
393.70 |
1181.10 |
1023.62 |
Symptoms involving nervous and musculoskeletal systems |